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Opytny (Russian: Опытный, lit.'Experienced') was the only member of her class of destroyers built for the Soviet Navy during the 1930s. The Soviet designation for her class was Project 45. She was completed in 1941 and fought in World War II as part of the Baltic Fleet. She was indigenously designed in contrast to the Type 7 which was built with Italian assistance and intended as a prototype for future Soviet destroyers. She was not a successful ship, with severe problems with her machinery and stability. Her intended armament of twin-gun turrets were transferred to the destroyer leader Tashkent and replaced by single gun mounts.

History
Soviet Union
NameSergo Ordzhonikidze
NamesakeSergo Ordzhonikidze
Ordered2nd Five-Year Plan
BuilderShipyard No. 190 (Zhdanov), Leningrad
Yard number500
Laid down26 June 1935
Launched8 December 1935
Commissioned28 September 1941
Decommissioned1949
RenamedOpytny (Russian: Опытный, lit.'Experimental'), September 1940
FateScrapped, 1952
General characteristics (as built)
TypeDestroyer
Displacement1,707 long tons (1,734 t) (standard)
Length113.5 m (372 ft 5 in) (o/a)
Beam10.2 m (33 ft 6 in)
Draft3.98 m (13 ft 1 in)
Installed power
  • 4 Ramzin boilers
  • 70,000 shp (52,000 kW)
Propulsion2 shafts; 2 geared steam turbines
Speed35 knots (65 km/h; 40 mph)
Range1,370 nmi (2,540 km; 1,580 mi) at 18 knots (33 km/h; 21 mph)
Complement262
Armament
  • 3 × single 130 mm (5.1 in) guns
  • 4 × single 45 mm (1.8 in) AA guns
  • 2 × single 37 mm (1.5 in) AA guns
  • 2 × quadruple 533 mm (21 in) torpedo tubes
  • 60 mines
  • 38 depth charges

Design


The Specifications (TTZ in Russian) for this ship were issued in 1934. The ship was intended as a prototype to test a new propulsion system, which was intended to use high-pressure Wagner-type boilers developed by Germany. The Wagner boilers were more compact and powerful than conventional boilers and used super-heated steam (75 atmospheres vs. the 26–27 atmospheres in conventional boilers used for the Project 7 destroyers). The machinery was mounted in a unit layout with two funnels and alternating boiler rooms and engine rooms. The design speed was 42 knots

Due to the weight savings it was designed to mount three twin enclosed gun turrets in positions A, X and Y similar to the Japanese Fubuki-class destroyers. A new gun system, the B-2LM, was developed for this ship however due to poor weight control the twin turrets were substituted for single guns.


Service


The ship was built by Shipyard No. 190 (Zhdanov) in Leningrad, laid down as yard number 500 on 26 June 1935 under the name Sergo Ordzhonikidze. She was launched on 8 December 1936, and commissioned on 28 September 1941[1] after extensive trials and subsequent reconstruction. She served as a floating battery during the Siege of Leningrad, during which time she suffered significant damage from German artillery fire.[2] After the war she served as an experimental ship and was decommissioned in 1949. She was scrapped in 1955–1956.


References


  1. Rohwer & Monakov, p. 233
  2. Hill, p. 45

Bibliography





На других языках


- [en] Soviet destroyer Opytny

[ru] Эскадренные миноносцы проекта 45

Эскадренные миноносцы проекта 45, известные также как тип «Опытный» — корабль типа эскадренные миноносцы, построенный для Советского Военно-Морского Флота в 1940-х годах. Проект 45 должен был стать усовершенствованием проекта 7, но из-за выявленного ряда недостатков, строительство ограничилось только экспериментальным кораблём — головной корабль «Опытный».



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