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Opytny (Russian: Опытный, lit. 'Experienced') was the only member of her class of destroyers built for the Soviet Navy during the 1930s. The Soviet designation for her class was Project 45. She was completed in 1941 and fought in World War II as part of the Baltic Fleet. She was indigenously designed in contrast to the Type 7 which was built with Italian assistance and intended as a prototype for future Soviet destroyers. She was not a successful ship, with severe problems with her machinery and stability. Her intended armament of twin-gun turrets were transferred to the destroyer leader Tashkent and replaced by single gun mounts.

History
Soviet Union
Name	Sergo Ordzhonikidze
Namesake	Sergo Ordzhonikidze
Ordered	2nd Five-Year Plan
Builder	Shipyard No. 190 (Zhdanov), Leningrad
Yard number	500
Laid down	26 June 1935
Launched	8 December 1935
Commissioned	28 September 1941
Decommissioned	1949
Renamed	Opytny (Russian: Опытный, lit. 'Experimental'), September 1940
Fate	Scrapped, 1952
General characteristics (as built)
Type	Destroyer
Displacement	1,707 long tons (1,734 t) (standard)
Length	113.5 m (372 ft 5 in) (o/a)
Beam	10.2 m (33 ft 6 in)
Draft	3.98 m (13 ft 1 in)
Installed power	4 Ramzin boilers 70,000 shp (52,000 kW)
Propulsion	2 shafts; 2 geared steam turbines
Speed	35 knots (65 km/h; 40 mph)
Range	1,370 nmi (2,540 km; 1,580 mi) at 18 knots (33 km/h; 21 mph)
Complement	262
Armament	3 × single 130 mm (5.1 in) guns 4 × single 45 mm (1.8 in) AA guns 2 × single 37 mm (1.5 in) AA guns 2 × quadruple 533 mm (21 in) torpedo tubes 60 mines 38 depth charges

Design

The Specifications (TTZ in Russian) for this ship were issued in 1934. The ship was intended as a prototype to test a new propulsion system, which was intended to use high-pressure Wagner-type boilers developed by Germany. The Wagner boilers were more compact and powerful than conventional boilers and used super-heated steam (75 atmospheres vs. the 26–27 atmospheres in conventional boilers used for the Project 7 destroyers). The machinery was mounted in a unit layout with two funnels and alternating boiler rooms and engine rooms. The design speed was 42 knots

Due to the weight savings it was designed to mount three twin enclosed gun turrets in positions A, X and Y similar to the Japanese Fubuki-class destroyers. A new gun system, the B-2LM, was developed for this ship however due to poor weight control the twin turrets were substituted for single guns.

Service

The ship was built by Shipyard No. 190 (Zhdanov) in Leningrad, laid down as yard number 500 on 26 June 1935 under the name Sergo Ordzhonikidze. She was launched on 8 December 1936, and commissioned on 28 September 1941[1] after extensive trials and subsequent reconstruction. She served as a floating battery during the Siege of Leningrad, during which time she suffered significant damage from German artillery fire.[2] After the war she served as an experimental ship and was decommissioned in 1949. She was scrapped in 1955–1956.

References

Bibliography

• Budzbon, Przemysaw (1980). "Soviet Union". In Chesneau, Roger (ed.). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1922–1946. Greenwich, UK: Conway Maritime Press. pp. 318–346. ISBN 0-85177-146-7.
• Hill, Alexander (2018). Soviet Destroyers of World War II. New Vanguard. Vol. 256. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4728-2256-7.
• Platonov, Andrey V. (2002). Энциклопедия советских надводных кораблей 1941–1945 [Encyclopedia of Soviet Surface Ships 1941–1945] (in Russian). Saint Petersburg: Poligon. ISBN 5-89173-178-9.
• Rohwer, Jürgen & Monakov, Mikhail S. (2001). Stalin's Ocean-Going Fleet. London: Frank Cass. ISBN 0-7146-4895-7.
• Westwood, J. N. (1994). Russian Naval Construction, 1905–45. London: Macmillan. ISBN 0-333-55553-8.
• Whitley, M. J. (1988). Destroyers of World War Two: An International Encyclopedia. London: Cassell & Co. ISBN 1-85409-521-8.
• This article incorporates material from Russian Wikipedia

External links

• Site in Russian

На других языках

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- [en] Soviet destroyer Opytny

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[ru] Эскадренные миноносцы проекта 45

Эскадренные миноносцы проекта 45, известные также как тип «Опытный» — корабль типа эскадренные миноносцы, построенный для Советского Военно-Морского Флота в 1940-х годах. Проект 45 должен был стать усовершенствованием проекта 7, но из-за выявленного ряда недостатков, строительство ограничилось только экспериментальным кораблём — головной корабль «Опытный».

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